2009   (J. S. Handler and S. Bergman), Vernacular Houses and Domestic Material Culture on Barbados Sugar Plantations, 1650-1838.  Jl of Caribbean History 43: 1-36.

This paper describes the houses and household furnishings of the enslaved people on Barbadian sugar plantations, and traces the development and changes in architectural forms, including wattle-and-daub, stone, and wooden plank dwellings, over the several centuries of slavery on the island. We also treat the housing policies of plantation owners/managers, and explore possible Afncan and European cultural influences on the Barbadian vernacular housing tradition that emerged during the period of slavery.

Vernacular Houses and Domestic Material Culture on Barbados Sugar Plantations, 1650-1838